Audits

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A Dubious Privilege

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The "Occupy Wall Street" movement argues that we live in a divided nation. First there's a gilded "1%" enjoying lives of ease and privilege. Then there's a downtrodden "99%" struggling just to stay in place. But here's a take on "the 1%" that you won't hear at your local tent city . . .

The IRS is struggling just like the rest of us to carry out its mission with limited resources. Back in 2003, they audited just one out of every 203 returns. By 2010, that number was up to one out of 90. To stretch that audit budget even further, they're auditing more and more taxpayers by mail. But one study shows that 10% of IRS mail never gets where it's supposed to go, and 27% of those who do get their mail don't even realize they're actually being audited! Naturally, that leads to more and more of the paperwork screw ups that every taxpayer fears.

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Tax Business, Russian Style

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Working in the tax business is usually a pretty safe gig. You really just need an office, a computer with an internet connection, and a fast laser printer for all those piles of paper. There's not much heavy lifting — and even less intrigue or danger. But sometimes the tax business is a different story. Just ask Pavel Petrovich Ivlev, who works (now) in suburban New Jersey.

Pavel was born in 1970 just outside Moscow. He earned a law degree from Moscow State University in 1993, studied more in Amsterdam and London, then joined an international law firm. At that point, he appeared set to become another one of a new breed of Russian lawyers, helping newly-privatized companies negotiate the awkward transition to "real" capitalism.

Pavel's clients included Yukos Oil, and its charismatic chairman, Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Khodorkovsky had started out collecting dues for the Communist Youth League. But as the Soviet Union collapsed, he rejected his old Leninist ideology. Taking advantage of glasnost and his party connections, he became an entrepreneur, published his own capitalist manifesto called The Man with the Ruble, and traded his way up to controlling 20% of Russia's lucrative oil production. For one brief shining moment, Khodorkovsky's $16 billion fortune made him the richest man in Russia and the 16th-richest man on earth.

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IL-eagle Assets?

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Our estate tax system is quite different from our income tax system. The income tax, as its name implies, focuses on how much money individuals, trusts, and business entities make. The estate tax system, in contrast, focuses on how much assets are worth. Most assets aren't hard to value. Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and similar assets are valued at their publicly-traded fair market value (FMV) as of the date of death (or the executor can choose an "alternate valuation date" nine months later). But some assets are a little harder. Real estate, for example, is also valued at its FMV — but who's to say what a unique or expensive property is really "worth," especially in today's volatile market? Closely-held businesses can be even harder to appraise. And high-end collectibles, like the kind of art and antiques that usually sell at auction, can be hardest of all.

These issues make estate-tax enforcement a different challenge from income-tax enforcement. For fiscal year 2010, the IRS received 42,366 estate tax returns, and audited 4,288, or 10.1%. But just as income tax audits go up as your income rises, estate-tax audits go up as your assets go up. For that same year, the IRS received 3,013 estate tax returns reporting assets of $10 million or more — and audited 928 of them, or 30.8%!

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IRS Goes Where The Money Is

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The outlaw Willie Sutton stole an estimated $2 million over a 40-year career robbing banks — and scored the ultimate "success" in his business, living long enough to die of natural causes. Sutton always carried a pistol or Tommy gun with him on jobs, declaring "you can't rob a bank on charm and personality." But the gun was never loaded, because, as he said, someone might have gotten hurt! And he became legendary, ironically, for something he never actually said. According to the story, Sutton was asked why he robbed banks — and replied "because that's where the money is." But in his 1976 autobiography, Where the Money Was: The Memoirs of a Bank Robber, he confessed that credit for the line belongs to "some enterprising reporter who apparently felt a need to fill out his copy."

What does a depression-era bank robber have to do with taxes? Well, the IRS estimates that outlaw taxpayers cost the Treasury $385 billion per year in uncollected taxes — roughly 15% of the amount

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Tax Detectives... on the Case

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The IRS is busy playing detective! But are they building cases, clue by meticulous clue, like the super sleuths of television's CSI? Or are they falling on their faces like the bumbling Inspector Clouseau?

 

Last month, a federal judge gave the IRS permission to serve a "John Doe" summons on the California Board of Equalization, demanding names of residents who transferred real estate to children or grandchildren for little or no consideration. The IRS sought the names as part of a nationwide effort to find taxpayers who transfer property to relatives without filing gift tax returns. (The IRS had already rounded up information from Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington state and Wisconsin — but California officials objected that state law prohibited them from ratting out residents without court approval.)

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The Tax Man and the "Electric Amish"

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We've talked before about how the internet is changing so much of how we live our lives. The internet is changing how we shop, how we book travel, and even how some of us find romance.

It's no surprise, then, that the internet is changing how we file and pay our taxes. Just 10 years ago, online filing was a novelty. Now it's become the norm. Last year, two out of three Americans e-filed their income tax returns. Those who also opted for electronically deposited refunds saved the government mailing costs, saved themselves a trip to the bank, and even got their refunds a week faster than waiting for paper checks.